Download PDF

Transforming Health Sciences Education through AI

Asma Bouriami, Hamza Maristani, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Samia Boussa
1Laboratory of Didactics and University Pedagogy, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (FSSM), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco. asma.bouriami@ced.uca.ma
2National School of Applied Sciences of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.
3Faculty Mohammed VI of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Marrakesh, Morocco
4ISPIHS-Higher Institute of Nursing and Technical Health Occupations, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco
How to cite: Asma Bouriami, Hamza Maristani, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Samia Boussa, Transforming Health Sciences Education through AI, Sciences Methods and Technologies International Journal (SciMeTech), (2026) Vol 2, Issue 2, p 48-54
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has revolutionized several fields, bringing significant technological changes, particularly in health sciences education. As a complex and multidisciplinary field, this discipline involves diverse pedagogical, cognitive, and social dimensions that influence teaching and learning. In this review, we first clarify certain key concepts before examining the potential and challenges of AI integration for both educators and students. The results are promising, and AI opens up interesting perspectives; however, training, particularly in prompt engineering, awareness, and institutional involvement are essential for ethical and responsible use.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Health science, Education, Prompt, LLM, Benefits, Challenges

References

  1. Kaynak O. The golden age of Artificial Intelligence. Discov Artif Intell [Internet]. 22 sept 2021 [cite 26 nov 2024];1(1):1. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-021-00009-x
  2. Eddadbah M. Exploring the Frontiers of Emerging Technologies.
  3. Roser M. The brief history of artificial intelligence: the world has changed fast — what might be next? Our World Data [Internet]. 29 janv 2024 [cite 26 nov 2024]; Disponible sur: https://ourworldindata.org/brief-history-of-ai
  4. Jiang Y, Li X, Luo H, Yin S, Kaynak O. Quo vadis artificial intelligence? Discov Artif Intell [Internet]. 7 mars 2022 [cite 26 nov 2024];2(1):4. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-022-00022-8
  5. Zhang W, Cai M, Lee HJ, Evans R, Zhu C, Ming C. AI in Medical Education: Global situation, effects and challenges. Educ Inf Technol [Internet]. 1 mars 2024 [cite 27 nov 2024];29(4):4611-33. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12009-8
  6. Gagne D, C J. The State of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Education: Past, Present, and Future Directions. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. janv 2023 [cite 1 juill 2024];20(6):4884. Disponible sur: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4884
  7. Irwin P, Jones D, Fealy S. What is ChatGPT and what do we do with it? Implications of the age of AI for nursing and midwifery practice and education: An editorial. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. août 2023 [cite 27 mai 2024];127:105835. Disponible sur: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0260691723001296
  8. Boyd M. AI, Lawyers, and the Courts [Internet]. 2024 [cite 26 nov 2024]. Disponible sur: https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4869559
  9. Sousa Antunes H, Freitas PM, Oliveira AL, Martins Pereira C, Vaz De Sequeira E, Barreto Xavier L, éditeurs. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2024 [cite 27 nov 2024]. (Law, Governance and Technology Series; vol. 58). Disponible sur: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6
  10. Zhang C, Lu Y. Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects. J Ind Inf Integr [Internet]. 1 sept 2021 [cite 27 nov 2024];23:100224. Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452414X21000248
  11. Kaul V, Enslin S, Gross SA. History of artificial intelligence in medicine. Gastrointest Endosc [Internet]. 1 oct 2020 [cite 26 nov 2024];92(4):807-12. Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016510720344667
  12. Samoili S, Cobo ML, Gomez E, De Prato G, Martinez-Plumed F, Delipetrev B. AI Watch. Defining Artificial Intelligence. Towards an operational definition and taxonomy of artificial intelligence [Internet]. Joint Research Centre (Seville site); 2020 [cite 26 nov 2024]. Disponible sur: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC118163
  13. Delipetrev B, Tsinaraki C, Kostic U. Historical Evolution of Artificial Intelligence [Internet]. Publications Office of the European Union; 2020 [cite 27 nov 2024]. Disponible sur: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC120469
  14. Kovalainen T, Pramila-Savukoski S, Kuivila HM, Juntunen J, Jarva E, Rasi M, Mikkonen K. Utilising artificial intelligence in developing education of health sciences higher education: An umbrella review of reviews. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 1 avr 2025 [cite 11 fevr 2026];147:106600. Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691725000358
  15. Harnad S. Language writ large: LLMs, ChatGPT, meaning, and understanding. Front Artif Intell [Internet]. 12 fevr 2025 [cite 13 fevr 2026];7. Disponible sur: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1490698/full
  16. Alberts IL, Mercolli L, Pyka T, Prenosil G, Shi K, Rominger A, Afshar-Oromieh A. Large language models (LLM) and ChatGPT: what will the impact on nuclear medicine be? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging [Internet]. 1 mai 2023 [cite 13 fevr 2026];50(6):1549-52. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-023-06172-w
  17. Bouriami A, Boussa S, Adib ARE. Active Strategies in the AI Era: Can ChatGPT Help or Hinder Nursing Education? In: Advanced Nursing Practices for Clinical Excellence [Internet]. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2025 [cite 3 avr 2025]. p. 237-58. Disponible sur: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/active-strategies-in-the-ai-era/www.igi-global.com/chapter/active-strategies-in-the-ai-era/373781
  18. Athilingam P, He HG. ChatGPT in nursing education: opportunities and challenges. Teach Learn Nurs [Internet]. 5 dec 2023 [cite 26 dec 2023]; Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1557308723002287
  19. Niekowski J, Szczepanski M, Miedziaszczyk M, Kudlinski B. The potential of ChatGPT in medicine: an example analysis of nephrology specialty exams in Poland. Clin Kidney J [Internet]. 1 juill 2024 [cite 27 nov 2024];17(8):sfaef193. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfaef193
  20. Lee S, Yoon JY, Hwang Y. Collaborative project-based learning in global health: Enhancing competencies and skills for undergraduate nursing students. BMC Nurs [Internet]. 26 juin 2024 [cite 25 nov 2024];23(1):437. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02111-8
  21. Ma R, Wang X, Zhou X, Li J, Du N, Gui T, Zhang Q, Huang X. Are Large Language Models Good Prompt Optimizers? [Internet]. arXiv; 2024 [cite 13 fevr 2026]. Disponible sur: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.02101
  22. Shi W, Han X, Gonen H, Holtzman A, Tsvetkov Y, Zettlemoyer L. Toward Human Readable Prompt Tuning: Kubrick's The Shining is a good movie, and a good prompt too! In: Bouamor H, Pino J, Bali K, éditeurs. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023 [Internet]. Singapore: Association for Computational Linguistics; 2023 [cite 13 fevr 2026]. p. 10994-1005. Disponible sur: https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.733/
  23. Geroimenko V. Key Principles of Good Prompt Design. In: Geroimenko V, éditeur. The Essential Guide to Prompt Engineering: Key Principles, Techniques, Challenges, and Security Risks [Internet]. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025 [cite 13 fevr 2026]. p. 17-36. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86206-9_2
  24. Long DX, Dinh D, Nguyen NH, Kawaguchi K, Chen NF, Joty S, Kan MY. What Makes a Good Natural Language Prompt? In: Che W, Nabende J, Shutova E, Pilehvar MT, éditeurs. Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: Association for Computational Linguistics; 2025 [cite 13 fevr 2026]. p. 5835-73. Disponible sur: https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.292/
  25. Nagi F, Salih R, Alzubaidi M, Shah H, Alam T, Shah Z, Househ M. Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education: A Scoping Review. Stud Health Technol Inform. 29 juin 2023;305:648-51.
  26. Marcos-Pablos S, García-Peñalvo FJ. More than surgical tools: a systematic review of robots as didactic tools for the education of professionals in health sciences. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. oct 2022;27(4):1139-76.
  27. Chai J, Zeng H, Li A, Ngai EWT. Deep learning in computer vision: A critical review of emerging techniques and application scenarios. Mach Learn Appl [Internet]. 15 dec 2021 [cite 17 fev 2025];6:100134. Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666827021000670
  28. B S, K V. Integration of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Medical and Healthcare Education. In: Applications of Parallel Data Processing for Biomedical Imaging [Internet]. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2024 [cite 12 fev 2026]. p. 148-74. Disponible sur: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/integration-of-machine-learning-and-deep-learning-in-medical-and-healthcare-education/ww.igi-global.com/chapter/integration-of-machine-learning-and-deep-learning-in-medical-and-healthcare-education/345595
  29. O'Connor S, Yan Y, Thilo FJS, Felzmann H, Dowding D, Lee JJ. Artificial intelligence in nursing and midwifery: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs. juill 2023;32(13-14):2951-68.
  30. Ji M, Liu Y, Zhao M, Lyu Z, Zhang B, Luo X, Li Y, Zhong Y. Use of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Understandability of Health Education Materials: Development and Evaluation Study. JMIR Med Inform [Internet]. 6 mai 2021 [cite 12 fev 2026];9(5):e28413. Disponible sur: https://medinform.jmir.org/2021/5/e28413
  31. Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Nadershahi N. Scoping review of artificial intelligence and immersive digital tools in dental education. J Dent Educ [Internet]. 2022 [cite 13 fev 2026];86(6):736-50. Disponible sur: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jd.12856
  32. Abujaber AA, Abd-Alrazaq A, Al-Qudimat AR, Nashwan AJ. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of ChatGPT Integration in Nursing Education: A Narrative Review. Cureus. nov 2023;15(11):e48643.
  33. Topaz M, Peltonen LM, Michalowski M, Stiglic G, Ronquillo C, Pruinelli L, Song J, O'Connor Siobhan, Miyagawa S, Fukahori H. The ChatGPT Effect: Nursing Education and Generative Artificial Intelligence. J Nurs Educ [Internet]. janv 2024 [cite 17 avr 2024];0(0):1-4. Disponible sur: https://journals.healtho.com/doi/abs/10.3928/01484834-20240126-01
  34. Hu Z, Qiu C, Wang A, Xu S, Ye J, Zou J, Liu S, Yuan W, Lv J. Student voices: synergising artificial and human intelligence in health science education. BMC Med Educ [Internet]. 5 janv 2026 [cite 11 fevr 2026];26(1):185. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-08545-1
  35. Ormeño Rivera FL, Sánchez Cedeño MA. Training in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities in Health Science Education. EthAlca J Ethics AI Crit Anal [Internet]. 2024 [cite 11 fevr 2026];(3):134. Disponible sur: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=10327935
  36. Bumbach MD. The Use of AI Powered ChatGPT for Nursing Education. J Nurs Educ [Internet]. avr 2024 [cite 18 avr 2024];0(0):1-4. Disponible sur: https://journals.healtho.com/doi/abs/10.3928/01484834-20240138-04
  37. Bouriami A, Takhdat K, Barkatou S, Chiki H, Boussa S, El Adib AR. Insights into nurse educators' use of ChatGPT in active teaching methods: A cross-sectional pilot study. Educ Médica [Internet]. 1 mars 2025 [cite 31 déc 2024];26(2):101006. Disponible sur: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1575181324001219
  38. Ahmed SK. The Impact of ChatGPT on the Nursing Profession: Revolutionizing Patient Care and Education. Ann Biomed Eng. nov 2023;51(11):2351-2.
  39. Iqbal N, Ahmed H, Azhar K. Exploring Teachers' Attitudes towards Using ChatGPT. Glob J Manag Adm Sci. 27 fevr 2023;3.
  40. Al-Mughairi H, Bhaskar P. Exploring the factors affecting the adoption AI techniques in higher education: insights from teachers' perspectives on ChatGPT. J Res Innov Teach Learn [Internet]. 1 janv 2024 [cite 12 juill 2024];ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-09-2023-0129
  41. Kim J, Yu S, Lee SS, Detrick R. Students' prompt patterns and its effects in AI-assisted academic writing: Focusing on students' level of AI literacy. J Res Technol Educ [Internet]. 24 janv 2025 [cite 14 fevr 2026];0(0):1-18. Disponible sur: https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2025.2456043
  42. BOURIAMI A, TAKHDAT K, BARKATOU S, MANOUSSI A, CHOUIKH J, BOUSSA S, ADIB ARE. ChatGPT Use in Active Learning Among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Prof Educ [Internet]. 1 janv 2025;12(1). Disponible sur: https://hpe.researchcommons.org/journal/vol12/iss1/3